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Unit 1Sounds & Spelling through the IPA0/8Unit 2Greetings & Introductions🔒Unit 3Pronouns, tenir & hi ha, Numbers🔒Unit 4Nouns & Adjectives; Colours and the Home🔒Unit 5The Present Tense; Everyday Verbs🔒Unit 6Family, Jobs & Describing People🔒Unit 7Time, Days, Meals & Daily Routine🔒Unit 8Food, Shopping & the Pronoun en🔒Unit 9The City, Directions & Places🔒Unit 10Likes & Free Time🔒Unit 11The Recent Past🔒Unit 12Consolidation & Exam Language🔒
The official examMock exam🔒Glossary🔒
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IPA quick referenceFull guide

Vowels

IPASounds likeExample
a"a" in father (short)casa /ˈkazə/ — first a
ə"a" in sofa (the schwa — very common!)casa /ˈkazə/ — second a
ɛ"e" in bed (open)set /ˈsɛt/
e"ay" in say, but short, no glidemés /ˈmes/
i"ee" in seesis /ˈsis/
ɔ"o" in British hot (open)bo /ˈbɔ/
o"o" in note, short, no glidetot /ˈtot/
u"oo" in foodtu /ˈtu/
w, jglides: "w" in cow /aw/, "y" in boy /ɔj/nou /ˈnɔw/, mai /ˈmaj/
The golden rule of Central Catalan: unstressed a and e are pronounced /ə/, and unstressed o is pronounced /u/. That's why Barcelona is /bəɾsəˈlonə/ and color is /kuˈlo/.

Consonants that differ from English

IPASounds likeExample
ʎ"lli" in million (spelt ll)lluny /ˈʎuɲ/
ɲ"ni" in onion (spelt ny)any /ˈaɲ/
ʃ"sh" in shop (spelt x)peix /ˈpeʃ/
ʒ"s" in measure (spelt j, g+e/i)jo /ˈʒɔ/
tʃ"ch" in church (spelt tx, final -ig)cotxe /ˈkɔtʃə/, maig /ˈmatʃ/
dʒ"j" in jam (spelt tj/tg)formatge /fuɾˈmadʒə/
βa soft "b" with lips barely touchingavi /ˈaβi/
ð"th" in this, softcada /ˈkaðə/
ɣa soft "g", throat relaxedamiga /əˈmiɣə/
ɾsingle tap, like American "tt" in buttercara /ˈkaɾə/
rrolled/trilled r (rr, or word-initial r)carrer /kəˈre/
ŋ"ng" in singcinc /ˈsiŋk/
ˈstress mark — the NEXT syllable is stressedcatalà /kətəˈla/

Three habits worth knowing: written v sounds like b (/b/ or /β/); b/d/g between vowels soften to /β ð ɣ/; and the final -r of infinitives is silent: parlar /pəɾˈla/, dormir /duɾˈmi/.

Exam preparation

The Official A1 Exam

What the certificate is and who runs it

The qualification this course targets is the Certificat de nivell inicial de català (A1), aligned with the CEFR. Where you sit it depends on where you live:

In Catalonia

• The CPNL (Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística) runs free Inicial (A1) courses for adults that lead to the certificate, all over Catalonia.
• University language services certify A1 through common interuniversity exams coordinated by CIFALC — open to the public, not only students.
→ Course & certificate routes, official portal: llengua.gencat.cat/en/serveis/aprendre_catala/a-catalunya
→ How the certificate levels work (A1 → C2): intercat.cat/en/certificates

Outside the Catalan-speaking area

The Institut Ramon Llull (IRL) runs the official exams abroad (150+ host sites, typically each May; registration opens in late winter). Be aware: the IRL ladder starts at Bàsic (A2) — there is no separate IRL A1 paper. So if you live abroad, this course is either (a) your preparation for an A1 sitting at a university CIFALC centre, or (b) the first, solid half of the road to the IRL A2 Bàsic, whose format the mock exam below mirrors at A1 difficulty.
→ What the IRL exams are: llull.cat/english/aprendre_catala/certificats_intro.cfm
→ How registration works: llull.cat/english/aprendre_catala/certificats_inscripcio.cfm

The four papers

A1/A2-level Catalan certificates test four skills. Weighting varies slightly by convener, but the shape is stable:

PaperWhat happensTypical length
1. Comprensió oral (listening)Short dialogues/announcements, played twice; tick true/false or multiple choice~15–20 min
2. Comprensió lectora (reading)Notices, short e-mails, simple texts; matching and multiple choice~30 min
3. Expressió escrita (writing)Fill in a form with personal data + write a short text (note/postcard, ±40 words)~30 min
4. Expressió oral (speaking)Personal questions (name, origin, family, routine, likes) + a simple role-play~10 min

What examiners reward at A1 — and the classic English-speaker traps

Reward: communication over perfection. Full short sentences (Em dic… / Soc de… / M'agrada…); correct ser/tenir; numbers and times said confidently; the vaig + infinitive past; asking for repetition in Catalan rather than freezing (Pots repetir, si us plau? earns goodwill — silence doesn't).

Traps: ① *Tinc trenta — age needs anys: Tinc trenta anys. ② *Soc un professor — no article with jobs: Soc professor. ③ agreement — *M'agraden el cafè (singular → agrada). ④ pronouncing every letter — final infinitive -r and final -t after n/l are silent. ⑤ answering Com estàs? with *Soc bé — it's Estic bé / Molt bé. ⑥ forgetting possessive articles — la meva germana, never *meva germana.